Some articles by Rowe posted previously:

A History of Dark Matter?

Controlled Transmutation of Elements Under Surprisingly Mild Conditions?

Hydrogen From Space - The Aether 'Comes Alive'

So here is his latest..

Gravity and the Nature of the Chemical Bond? Part I

Introduction

Sepp Hasslberger has included several of my articles on his blog. Most of them propose that knowable space is not a void but rather, a concentrated matrix of protons and electrons (possibly Bose-Einstein condensed hydrogen and/or the ether of classical physics). The easiest to read is, “A History of Dark Matter?” The most difficult to follow is a too long-too weird play, “The Fall and Rise of the House of Cards”.

Both attempt to give simple mechanisms for many observed phenomena, including:

The magnetic and dielectric properties of space required by Maxwell’s wave equations.

The wave and particle natures of light.

The results of Michelson and Morley’s interferometer experiments.

The present article tries to explain gravity based on the same assumption.

Discussion

Addition of the masses of any material’s protons and neutrons yields an extremely close estimate of the mass of that material. If one assumes that a neutron is a combination of a proton and an electron, the mass of any material is very close to the masses of the protons it contains. This led me to suspect there is an attraction between protons that becomes dominant when the electrical forces of the protons are cancelled by electrons. Could this force be gravity?

Lord Rutherford’s group passed alpha particles (helium nuclei) through gold leaf and based on scattering of the alpha particles, concluded that that the nucleus of gold was extremely tiny compared to the spaces between the gold nuclei in the gold leaf. More recent experiments indicate that the diameter of any nucleus is about 1/10000 times the diameter of its atom.

Since a nucleus contains protons and electrons, their diameters are, likely, smaller than that of all nuclei, with the possible exception of hydrogen.

Bose-Einstein condensed atoms are believed to have zero viscosity. Condensates of elements heavier than hydrogen (lithium, sodium and rubidium) transfer light at slower velocities than space. Bose-Einstein condensed hydrogen might be expected to transfer light much faster than condensates of heavier atoms.

The distance between nuclei of solids and liquids are vast gaps to Bose-Einstein condensed hydrogen. Any material would be expected to move through the proposed matrix with no resistance. A sieve moves through water similarly, but with some resistance.

Picture a nucleus as a positively charged sphere. Such a sphere in the proposed matrix would attract electrons of the matrix and repel protons of the matrix. Since the atom is electrically neutral the distortion of the matrix must balance the charge of the nucleus. If so, the exterior of the atom has a positive charge. Perhaps the distorted matrix in the vicinity of the nucleus is required to stabilize the nucleus.

Now picture two atoms as they approach each other, through the matrix. If protons attract each other, that attraction will dominate, until the positive outer portions of the atoms are involved. At some distance, the attraction of the protons balances the repulsion of the positive outer surfaces. Could this define the actual bond distance? If so, the structure of chemical compounds may depend greatly on gravitational attraction.

If alpha particles are helium nuclei surrounded by the proposed matrix, they should affect the matrix to the same distance as a helium nucleus and should be scattered much differently than observed by Lord Rutherord, unless the matrix adapts to a moving nucleus. If the matrix has no viscosity, any moving nucleus may pass through the matrix much as a fish moves through water. That is, the matrix may adapt to the nucleus as the nucleus moves through it. This is consistent with Rutherford’s observations.

Loop quantum gravity - artwork by slobo777

And talking about Einstein ... Vergon is one of the few people who clearly point out what are special relativity's logical inconsistencies and how they will de-throne the theory as logically inconsistent. There goes a mainstay of physics.

Vertner Vergon's introduction to his paradigm changing notes:

A PARADIGM SHIFT


GRAVITY, RELATIVITY, ENERGY, QUESTIONS

Three subjects are in the forefront of today's research.

The present paradigm cannot present solutions to them. The four Attachments present solutions and can be considered a paradigm shift.

"Gravity" is actually Quantum Gravity.

By way of analogy, one can read the face of a clock, but that does not tell him how the mechanism works.

Newton mathematically described the face of the clock but he did not have a clue as to HOW it worked. So you could say he mathematically described the laws of gravity, but that is certainly not the whole story.

Einstein refined the mathematical description -- and then ATTEMPTED to describe the workings, the HOW of gravity.

To me, curved space (empty or not) with geodesics is NOT a PHYSICAL description of how gravity works.

By contrast, I have developed a quantum gravity thesis that tells HOW the force of gravity is created, HOW it is transmitted, WHY the quantities are what they are, and shows why the mechanics of gravity creates an ILLUSION of action at a distance and mutual attraction.

If you will read it (QUANTUM GRAVITY) you will see the difference between Einstein's "explanation" and mine. Judge for yourself.

* * * * * * * * * * * *

Einstein developed his special relativity in typical mathematical physicist style - and made a grievous error in the interpretation, a typical problem in mathematical physics often leading to bizarre conclusions.

The second attachment clearly and definitively explains this error and defines the result.
(will be uploaded soon - Sepp)

* * * * * * * * * *

Gamma ray energy is bad enough, but cosmic ray energy dwarfs it. Tesla, the discoverer of cosmic rays (protons), said they travel faster than the speed of light, but he was not able to say just what that was.

The answer is in the third attachment. (will be uploaded as soon as I can get a server bug fixed - Sepp)

* * * * * * * * * * *

The fourth attachment is "questions". They speak for themselves.

(Questions are reproduced below)

* * * * * * * * * * *

A more recent addition is a short paper describing a common mistake made by proponents of a mass less photon.. They (mis)use the energy/momentum 4 vector equation to establish their view. Vergon points out their mistake -- and shows why the photon has mass and is not mass less.

For those of you who want to get deeper into the argument, there are two books written by Vertner Vernon that can be downloaded as PDF files:

ON THE QUANTUM AS A PHYSICAL ENTITY

and

A DIAGNOSIS OF SPECIAL RELATIVITY

Questions

I have some burning questions that I hope some of you gentlemen who are more advanced than I, can answer.

To help, I will preface each with my understanding of the situation.

According to the Special Theory, momentum is

( I use R for the Lorentz transform.)

I understand - and I think all agree - that mass is velocity invariant. Also, as R goes to zero as a limit, m v goes to infinity as a limit.

Now if v is limited to c, and m is invariable - how can m v go to infinity?

[ My own answer is that v goes to infinity - it has to. So c is not a limit. Either the equation is invalid or super c is possible. ]

My question is, which is it?

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Einstein's equation for energy is

Now this looks good except it is dodging the issue.

Just as valid - or maybe more so, it should be written

c² cannot be modified by R because it is a constant, so this is the only way.

m is also invariant! But according to the equation, m increases to infinity. This, of course, is the old specter of relative mass - which we know is invalid. The only alternative is to declare the equation invalid.

But this leaves the question, how do we express a valid equation for energy?

I have developed one that gives the identical result:

m is invariable - and once again v goes to infinity - so super c is possible.

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Despite the fact that for radiant energy, Einstein wrote the equation m = L/c² which clearly means photons have mass, there are still individuals who insist that photons are mass-less. (I think Einstein used L instead of E for energy to distinguish between the energy for ponderous particles versus the energy of radiation.)

What bothers me is that it is agreed photons have momentum and energy. Every equation for momentum or kinetic energy has two elements: mass and velocity.

Take momentum, if you remove the m, you have only velocity - a velocity of nothing.
The same for energy.

So my question is, how do you describe momentum and energy without mass?

I have been told (as an answer) that the equation for radiation is E = h nu.
But the individuals failed to see that h is a unit of action - and there are two ways to describe action - energy times time, or momentum times distance. There is no doubt that h has mass. In fact it is 7.37203854 x 10^-48 gr.

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

COLLIDERS

My understanding is that electrons, protons and neutrons are composed of standing resonant group waves. (That's why they all have frequencies.) Each wave consists of a quantum sized Coulomb field.

Now if you took two Limoge vases and smashed them together at high speed, they would shatter into a myriad of small shards. Although these shards are parts of the vases, they are not "elemental" in that the the vases were not assembled by their use.

I see a direct analogy in smashing, say protons, together. What you get are shards of group waves that are not in resonance - and so they immediately throw off waves until they reach a lower resonant state. This process is called "decay" -- and the shards are misconstrued as "elemental particles" on which some uncalled for importance is placed. I see that the misplaced meaning of their existence creates a diversion from true understanding as well as a waste of time, money and manpower. In short, I see that as a dead end blind alley..

So my question is, how can these shards of unstable group waves explain the creation of the universe and all the other claims laid to them? (dark matter, etc.)

Another thing, the gain in mass as particles are accelerated is asserted to prove Special Relativity. (even though it is agreed mass is velocity invariant). Anyone operating an accelerator knows the mass increase is the mass absorbed from the impelling electromagnetic driving force, and results in bremsstrahlung. c as a limit is because particles cannot be driven faster than the driving force.

Another thing: it is also claimed that the particles undergo time dilation, also proving special Relativity.

The fact is the determination of time dilation is achieved by "observing" the particle as it passes a detector. Ultimately what is detected is frequency. Ives & Stillwell did experiments that showed particles moving orthogonally to an observer gave off a reduced frequency.

By some strange coincidence the magnitude of the reduction is identical to Einstein's time dilation. As the particle is measured it is passing orthogonally to the detector.

(The coincidence may be in the way Einstein calculated time dilation - which incidentally is wrong. Proof is that he claimed an approaching clock runs slow. But empiricism shows approaching clocks - a cesium clock for example - run fast.)

Question - How do you explain that discrepancy?

Vertner Vergon
November 2009
vertvergon (at) scientist (dot) com
Lancaster, California

I am not sure whether this is a positive development or something negative that should be balanced out, in some way.

Privacy has become a major issue on facebook, but it seems that the important privacy issue that facebook use brings with it, is glossed over in those discussions. By interacting with our peers, we permit the servers of facebook to construct online social profiles for each of us users that go WAY beyond anything we would normally dream to put in public view. Who then has access to that kind of data? It's anybody's guess.

Again, is that a bad thing, or is it part of a new openness that we consciously choose to engage in?

On the other hand, facebook is the first online service that, along with a few others, allows us to open up and explore a new dimension of networking. I almost feel as if we're constructing a global mind, each one of us being similar to a neuron and learning to interact with other neurons. Where that could lead, is not quite clear as yet.

Some friends of mine have a rather strongly negative reaction when I invite them to join me on facebook and recently, I received an email from a friend and fellow blogger who says he started to use the service but was banned.

He brings up some interesting perspectives from which to see the expanding phenomenon of on-line social interaction. Here is what he said:

Greetings free thinkers and other trouble-makers,

I've recently had an experience with the very friendly Facebook platform, which has made me evaluate its friendliness and utility.

I had accrued some massive coterie of 'friends' on the site - most of whom I did not know (that's the great lie of the internet age - that we're all one happy group of well-informed people just amiably chatting with each other (about the end of the world and other topics))...

I began to use the site for longer for conversations in topics of my interest, such as religion, philosophy, science, etc, and was enjoying some of that banter, and so was somewhat put off when I arrived one day at the sign in to find that I could not sign in! I had been deleted, in total, and without explanation.

Following the advice of the 'you no longer exist here' page, which was displayed before me, I wrote the Facebook architects, wherever they may be on earth, and asked them for some assistance in returning use to me.

Alas, four letters over a week sent, and nary a response.

But, having much free and useful time returned to me, I have noticed something that I had indeed noted before agreeing to use that damned site:

It is a terrible, terrible waste of time and energy. It might have been invented by those very 'powers that be' to persuade all interested people to abandon the very public and 'google-accessible' world wide web, as a lure to create an artificial bed of news paper and wood shavings, upon which to sit and nestle oneself comfortably, while regurgitating self-reinforcing opinions to each other, cyclically, so that a great feeling of comfort and sleepiness takes over, and all motion and movement in the visible world ceases, all at once, and for good...

Call that a conspiratorial view - and I'm sure that it wasn't really invented to hurt activists - but the activity on outside of facebook websites on some issues that I follow has ground to a quiet whisper, whereas the 'facebook universe' hums and throttles with noise.

Noise that is mute, inaudible, invisible, un-hearable to Google search, to public viewing, to, in that sense, utility.

I share this as an observation. Please keep your facebook time limited, very limited, and perhaps consider making the posts you would make there, on your own public blog. And if you don't have one, then please make one:

http://en.wordpress.com/signup/
http://www.blogger.com/home
http://www.blogtext.org/
http://www.google.com/search?q=get+a+free+blog&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a

And link it to the other existing blogs and sites, and make at least the best of what you do, write, think and say about these important issues, or philosophical battles, public, and useful to the entire reading world...

Thank you for your time and consideration, kind regards,

Liam Scheff

It seems to me Liam makes some good points, especially when he directs attention to the fact that most of what we do on facebook is actually lost to the greater internet - there is no public memory of it - simply by the fact that it isn't available on search engines ... unless we choose complete transparency as a "privacy" option.

So ... perhaps limiting facebook time may be a good idea, after all. What do you think?

See also this related post:

Facebook is evil, says Eben Moglen

A rather extraordinary intervention by Eben Moglen, legal counsel to the Free Software Foundation, on Freedom as related to Cloud Computing, summarized at the Software Freedom Law center's site. It is reproduced in full, since it is such an important and insightful contribution.

In short, as the internet/web veered away from its original p2p structure, it created a privacy nightmare, with Facebook being a exceptional culprit. Eben Moglen contends that the technical solutions to this privacy nightmare are already available and just need some work to put into effect. (Link to Moglen's presentation)

Discussion and news about efforts to construct an independent, user generated network may be found at the P2PFoundation's Ning site.

Our system of bank currency - the money we are using every day - has a fatal design flaw - it violates the BIBO principle. Economic instability is built in to our money right from the start. This leads to the imperative that the economy must keep expanding endlessly. We are unable to achieve sustainable economic activity, to preserve our planet's finite resources, lest we face financial collapse.

This, in short, is the situation as argued by Marc Gauvin and Sergio Dominguez of bibocurrency.org

A formal stability analysis from the standpoint of control systems theory has shown that the mechanism of interest inherent in money creation and in everyday lending practices must lead to monetary instability (inflation) and eventually to the collapse of economic activity. Adding interest to the principal of any loan to be repaid creates an excess debt that, within the confines of the economic system, can never be fully paid off, resulting in an inherently unstable economic situation.

Financial System walkthrough

1. Wealth is generated by ingenuity, human effort and resources made available through past investment of units of currency.

6. Because the total debt created always exceeds the amount of money available to satisfy it, the system produces a minimum residual debt that must be refinanced in subsequent cycles thus compounding it.

The solution to this problem is to re-engineer, to re-think our currencies. In order to allow stable economic activity, we must use a currency that satisfies the principle of BIBO - Bounded-Input-Bounded-Output. That principle could be put into effect in local or national currencies or even in an international setting. The important thing is that we now have a standard, a specification that any currency may be structured by.

A Stable Passive Currency System - Presentation

This paper (PDF) introduces the concept of a stable currency and how to achieve it.

To round out the picture, a

Formal Specification of the International BIBO "@" Currency Specification

has been worked out by a group of scientists and engineers. The specification is published on bibocurrency.org

and is available as a PDF here:

http://bibocurrency.org/BIBO%20currency%20specification%20v4.6.pdf

In time, there may be updates and new versions of these documents, so please do refer for the latest version to what is currently linked on bibocurrency.org, rather than to the links in this article. They are current now but might be superseded by later versions.

Another pertinent paper in this connection:

Is Our Monetary Structure a Systemic Cause for Financial Instability?

Fundamental laws govern all complex flow systems, including natural ecosystems, economic and financial systems. Natural ecosystems are practical exemplars of sustainability: enduring, vital, adaptive. The sustainability of any complex flow system can be measured with a single metric as an emergent property of its structural diversity and interconnectivity; it requires a balance in emphasis between efficiency and resilience.

The urgent message for economics from nature is that the monoculture of national currencies, justified on the basis of market efficiency, generates structural instability in our global financial system. Economic sustainability therefore requires diversification in types of currencies, specifically through complementary currencies.

There are several videos on YouTube that show the spin reversal we see in a rattleback. You can start with this one and see below or check the "related videos" on the YouTube page for more.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puaif3OTJL4&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PydoEA5Jx5s

Wikipedia about the rattleback: "This spin-reversal motion seems, at first sight, to violate the angular-momentum conservation law of physics. Moreover, for most rattlebacks, the motion will happen when the rattleback is spun in one direction, but not when spun in the other. Some exceptional rattlebacks will reverse when spun in either direction. This makes the rattleback a physical curiosity that has excited human imagination since prehistorical times."

I was first made aware of the existence of this curiosity by David Tombe, who mentions rattlebacks in some of his article and tries to explain their spin reversal with reference to the coriolis force. In the latest revision of one article titled The Cause of Coriolis Force (http://www.cartesio-episteme.net/ep8/vorticity--new.pdf) Tombe's treatment of the rattleback starts out like this:

The rattleback is the most mysterious of all the mechanical devices. A spinning rattleback undergoes a complete 180 degree reversal of its angular momentum without any apparent source of reversal torque. The situation is further complicated by the fact that some rattlebacks can work in both directions. Modern physicists cannot explain the rattleback mystery because they deny all three of the vital ingredients that are necessary for its full understanding. We first need centrifugal charge followed by axial Coriolis force. We also need the electric sea in order to induce these convective effects, and also to give the reversal torque something to kick off against, as per Newton’s third law of motion. The rattleback is very obviously tangled up in a very subtle elastic medium, but this medium along with the centrifugal force and the axial Coriolis force which are the basis of the interaction with this medium, are denied in modern physics.

My take on the "mysterious" reversal of spin of the rattleback is that it is due to the interplay of known forces - inertia, gravity and friction. How exactly? If you check on the net, several people say they understand how the rattleback works, but I have yet to see a clear and simple description of the mechanics and the forces involved.

So here is my attempt to give a point for point explanation of the process of torque reversal in the rattleback ...

My view on the operation of the rattleback

No unknown forces are needed to engineer the reversal of spin. All we need are the initial input that sets the rattleback in motion, inertia that tries to keep it in motion, friction that tries to slow it down, an interplay of gravity and inertia during the rocking phase, and the principle of least action that constantly seeks to balance these various forces, always taking the most easy path which eventually leads to reversal of spin.

1) acceleration is supplied by the initial push that sets the rattleback in spinning motion. Inertia tends to perpetuate that motion.

2) friction counters the motion, supplying a decelerating force that over time would force the rattleback to come to a standstill, if it weren't for an imbalance in its weight distribution...

3) before the rattleback can come to a standstill, the unbalanced weight distribution of the rattleback works towards evading the friction by inducing a tumbling motion.

4) soon we have all the energy that remains from the initially supplied push to the rattleback transformed from rotating motion to rocking motion. This kind of motion is an interplay between inertia and gravity, where gravity and inertia will continually overcompensate. The tendency is to just keep rocking, friction is reduced to almost nothing.

5) this rocking motion would in time exhaust itself, leaving the rattleback motionless, if it weren't for the imbalance in its weight distribution...

6) just as the imbalance of the rattleback, in conjunction with the originally supplied spin transformed that spin into an accelerating rocking motion, during the deceleration phase, the imbalance will transform that rocking motion into rotating motion, again with the help of friction, which works to complete the reversal of spin.

7) We now have a spinning motion again, much slower than the original, and in the reverse direction. It was friction and imbalance that worked together to engineer this reversal of motion, with the help of inertia.

I can model the forces pretty much in my mind, but it is a bit difficult to describe with only words what exactly is happening.

It is a bit as if you took a spinning ball and changed its axis of spin by 180 degrees. It would still be spinning, only now in the opposite direction. In the rattleback, the spin during the reversal phase is transformed into rocking motion and then back into spin, only now in the reverse direction.

How to make your own rattleback

If you want to experiment with this, you can do so simply by using ...

http://www.planet-scicast.com/view_clip.cfm?cit_id=2685

or

http://www.exo.net/~pauld/activities/sweden/spoonrattleback.html

The experiment did not find the expected result but rather than looking for a reason the aether wind might not be measurable in this way, the idea of there being an aether in the first place was questioned. Einstein then declared that an aether was "not necessary", and since Einstein's theories gained widespread acceptance, any further investigation into the subject of the aether was relegated to the fringes of science.

Many attempts have been made to explain why the physical configuration of the measuring apparatus of Michelson and Morley was improper for showing the aether wind, but no one has repeated the experiment in a different setting, such as in a satellite orbiting the earth.

Now recently Martin Grusenick, an experimenter in Germany, has repeated the Michelson-Morley interferometer experiment with a rather simple laser set-up and has found - to no great surprise - that rotating his apparatus horizontally, no shifts in the interference fringes are observed. Grusenick however had another idea. He modified his apparatus to make it possible to rotate in a vertical plane ... documenting his results in a video that was uploaded on YouTube:

Extended Michelson-Morley Interferometer experiment

The result of vertical-plane-rotation of the apparatus showed a definite fringe shift becoming visible. The shift was going two ways (left and right) during a full 360 degrees rotation. Between the two displacements, there were two points during the rotation (at an approximate 45 degree angle) where the fringes showed no motion.

My first reaction was: "Of course, gravity (which I see as an aether flow) would tend to overwhelm and thus cancel out the expected aether flow in the horizontal direction, but the 'flow of gravity' can be detected in the vertical.

Some NPA members commented on the NPA chat-line where I had posted a link to the video, some of them disagreed with my evaluation.

Here are some of the comments:

Stephan Gift: "This appears to be a very fascinating result. I will study this more carefully. Is a paper on the experiment available? Please let me know."

John-Erik Persson: "The experimenter seems to be ignorant about the changes of length that are introduced by gravitation. The experiment should be done in such a way that this effect is minimized but this is probably not enough. Vertical velocity is very interesting, but also too difficult for second order effects. Perhaps first order effects are possible."

Tom Miles:
"Thank you for posting this notice.

And, may I express my appreciation to Martin Grusenick for the time, effort and expense he has put into this work.

But... He once again proves that the MMX gives a null result. If he had shown us two full periods of fringe motion per rotation, I would have been impressed. His device produces only one full period. This tells me that he has constructed an elaborate strain gage.

I could post wonderful looking fringe shift videos from my experimental work. They actually show two full periods per rotation. Two full periods when the bench was rotating on a large diameter "precision" bearing. But once I put the bench onto an inner tube floating in water, the same device showed no fringe shift. The strain induced by the bearing, through 2" of foam board and 1" of granite produced a lovely fringe shift."

And again Tom Miles, in a second message:
"Perhaps you missed my response to the Martin Grusenick experiment, so I will repeat my comments:

The experiment provides no qualitative or quantitative information.

To have qualitative significance, each full rotation in either the vertical or horizontal mode should have shown TWO full periods of shift. That is, we should have seen left-right-left-right shifts. We saw left-right. (Could be right first, it is not of significance.) This is not a trivial matter. If you don't have two full phases, you have nothing.

It was not the stresses of gravity but rather the strains induced by the stresses that caused a displacement of the optical elements.

This experiment can only be re-produced in a weightless environment to yield anything of value."

I responded to this second message of Tom Miles, when I said:
"you're right, I did not see your earlier reply before this message. Both Stephan's and yours somehow ended up in the dark place reserved on my computer for spam. I am having some trouble teaching it the fine points ;)

In any case, you seem to be very harsh with the experimenter.

Can you explain why we should see TWO full changes in the interference shifts, rather than the one complete shift (left-right-left) which we saw in the video? The shift, during the complete revolution, went first all the way left and then all the way right, with a pause at the mid-point as the shift reversed. I don't quite understand why it should do that twice.

You are assuming that the optical elements of the apparatus have been displaced by the stress of gravity. If that was the case, should not the "neutral" point, i.e. the point where no further displacement of the fringes is observed, be at the 3 o'clock (90 degree) and the 9 o'clock (270 degree) position, rather than as observed, at the 45 degree and 225 degree positions? And should not have the maximum displacement occurred at 12 o'clock (0 degree) and 6 o'clock (180 degrees)?

I don't believe that this experiment can be so easily dismissed as providing 'no qualitative or quantitative information'."

Tom Miles did come back with a reply, although not really answering my questions:
"I'm glad you found my first post on this. In it, I was complimentary to Martin and lauded him for his effort. If I sounded a little harsh in my second post it was because I thought you were ignoring my comments.

I will try to find some links for you that display the two-phase requirement, and send them along.

In the meantime, let me say that what we saw on the video would have been very significant if he had only rotated it 180 degrees. When you rotate a Michelson interferometer, you expect a maximum every 90 degrees, returning to zero 45 degrees later in each case.

This is an absolute requirement for meaningful data. You can't say it is significant because he is half-way there. He is nowhere, I'm afraid.

What he observed was strain not stress. The stress (force) from gravity caused a strain (movement) on his optical elements and bench. So yes, in his case the maximum fringe shift appeared to occur when the splitter mirror was horizontal, and again when it was horizontal but flipped, 180 degrees later.

I have to dismiss it as having any scientific value. I would, however, encourage it to be performed on the Int'l. Space Station."

That same day, he also sent a scan of a page of an article with the words:
"Attached is page 227 from Miller's 1933 paper. When you look at the graphs, you will see the sought after, theoretical fringe shift expectation. It is two phases per 360 degrees of rotation."

Miller_RevModPhys_v5n3(1933)203-242 25.pdf

The exchange left me with some doubts. I would therefore like to ask readers who have mulled over the experiment of Michelson and Morley before to tell their views by adding a comment. Is the experiment performed by Martin Grusenick as posted on YouTube a valid experiment and what does it show?

Could the experiment be improved to eliminate points of doubt raised by the people who commented?

And I would especially appreciate if Martin Grusenick himself could address some of the points that were raised in discussion, and perhaps provide a link to a written discussion of the experiment, if such exists.

- - -

Update 28 September:

Here is another comment I just found among my emails, coming from Norbert Feist in Germany. I will post it here in both German and an English translation:

Lieber Herr Grusenick,

ich sah Ihren Film über ein vertikales Michelsonexperiment bei YouTube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebNmmBib3aI .

Herzlichen Glückwunsch! Als alter Hase auf dem Gebiet freut es mich ungemein, daß offenbar der Glaube an einen Äther und vor allem der Nachwuchs nicht ausstirbt.

Für mich ist jedoch klar, daß Ihnen die Schwerkraft bzw. die Mechanik einen Streich spielt. Bei den kurzen Interferometerarmen entsprächen die 11 Streifen einer Laborgeschwindigkeit von ca.1/3 Lichtgeschwindigkeit! Da die zeitlichen Schwankungen trotz der Erdrotation gering sind, würde zudem nur Ihr Labor mit dieser Geschwindigkeit in eine Richtung fliegen....

Man könnte über Gravitationseffekte bezüglich Lichtausbreitung spekulieren, aber das alles können Sie sich meiner Ansicht und Erfahrung nach ersparen, wenn Sie Ihren Apparat mechanisch versteifen sowohl bezüglich der optischen als auch der tragenden Teile. Als erstes würde ich den Laser hinten zusätzlich fixieren und die Tragarme durch eine Platte ersetzen. Ich würde anschließend versuchsweise auch den Laser gegen ein anderes möglicherweise stabileres Fabrikat und vor allem die Spiegel gegen kleinere leichtere tauschen (hätte ich).

And in English:

Dear Mr. Grusenick,

I have seen your video about a vertical Michelson experiment on YouTube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebNmmBib3aI .

Congratulations! As an old hand in this field I am very happy to see that obviously belief in the esistence of an aether and it is especially good to see that younger people continue to get into this.

For me it is clear however, that gravity and mechanics are misleading you. Considering the short arms of the interferometer, 11 interference stripes would indicate a laboratory velocity of one third of the speed of light! As the time-dependent variations are small, despite the earth'l rotation, it would be only your laboratory that is flying in one direction with that velocity.

One could speculate about effects of gravity regarding the transmission of light, but my view and experience are that you can disregard all that if you stiffen up your apparatus mechanically, both with regard to the optical parts as also the frame. As a first action I would add another fix-point on the laser at its end and I would replace the arms of the frame by a plate. After that I would try to replace the laser with a different, perhaps more stable, kind and above all, I would exchange the mirrors with smaller, lighter ones (I have some if needed).

- - -

Update 13 December 2009:

In response to comments from several investigators, Martin Grusenick constructed a much stiffened version of his apparatus. A description and photographs of this new set-up are posted on the Ning group page of the Natural Philosophy Alliance.

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Update 19 January 2010:

Martin Grusenick says:

at the moment I work on a new project. It is a vertically built up non-rotary interferometer. With it the influence of gravity on the apparatus is no longer of much importance. The interferometer is fastened with elastic strings. In the cupboard I can hold surprisingly the temperature very exact. The temperature sways only between 21,3°C and 21,6°C degrees. On the base plate is mounted a small camera. The camera is programmed to take a photo, every five minutes.

Moreover, I have fastened to the plywood screen a digital thermometer. An electronic control, linked with the PC, switches the laser on and off in five minute intervals. With software the single pictures are combined into a time-lapse photography video.

The first test run of about two days was already very promising. The star constellations are a little bit unfavorable at the moment, but the moonset can be seen clearly. The rising and setting of the other planets has not been investigated.

The device temperature is of great importance. But I still have a big problem. The resolution of the digital thermometer is too low. To be able to better document temperature fluctuations, the thermometer must have a better resolution. 21,0°C is not enough, it must be at least 21,00°C. A thermometer with this resolution, including the measuring sensor costs here in Germany about 170 euro.

The email included some photos of the new experiment, some of which are reproduced here.

In the meantime, Martin has found someone to meet the cost of the high accuracy digital thermometer needed for the experiment. If you want to contact Martin directly, try mgrusenick(at)aol(dot)com

You will need to substitute the correct symbols for (at) and (dot) ;)

Detail of the new, non-rotating experimental set-up:

Testing the apparatus:

Overall view of the new experiment:

- - -

Is 'Cosmic Energy' Static Electricity?

Static electricity versus ether

Now here is Miroslav's letter to Nexus Magazine and two further, recent articles about this particular line of research of his.

Golan Heights Megaliths

The Golan Heights (wikipedia) spreads over 1250 square kilometers and is an important spring region that supplies four states with water.

The great presence of static electricity can be deduced from the high number of megalithic structures.

A local circular structure of 159 meters in diameter is composed of five concentric circles that are laid out by freely laying stones that all weigh 37,000 tons in total.

The heaviest single stones that were used weigh about 20 tons. Around this structure there are a further 8,500 dolmens and menhirs, the heaviest weighing 50 tons, and they are up to 7 meters in height.

One of the last great barely known wonders of the ancient world is a Stonehenge-like monument sitting atop Israel's Golan Heights. Called Gilgal Refaim in Hebrew (The Circle Of The Refaim or "Wheel of the rafaim"). It is one of the most mysterious archaeological sites in the world. The monument consists of five concentric stone rings whose diameter is155 meters. The best preserved of the rings is the outermost, whose height reaches 2 meters and thickness 3.3 meters. The central dolmen is built from relatively smaller rocks. [Refaim = spirits or ghosts] Image credit and description: GODSSECRET'S WEBLOG

The Golan Heights may be thought of as a natural laboratory which can provide us with historical information, in view of this research.

The static electricity that is almost unknown to present science was crucial for all megalithic structures that were built around the Earth. The new knowledge about properties of static electricity that I describe at www.miroslavprovod.com provides more in-depth information via continuing research about the mysteries of construction of megalithic structures with combinations of different kinds of rocks; for example, at Stonehenge, Machu Picchu and many other sites.

The megalithic structures had all the same function. They accumulated static electricity in their matter, which they gained from various sources. At the Golan Heights the sources are mainly underground springs, which provide the megaliths with the static electricity charge.

The electronics of the human body take the static electricity from cellular membranes in order to maintain functionality of all organs. The static electricity is continually supplied by the mitochondria.

It can be proved by various experiments that the charge of the human body can be filled by other means as well - by staying close to a greater source of static electricity, which spontaneously gives the energy to cellular membranes. The transfer of energy is rather slow.

In the case of transfer between a rock and a human body, it takes tens of minutes. This shows that the megalithic structures and, later, also the sacred structures were built mainly for health purposes.

Miroslav Provod, Czech Republic
contact centrum11 [at] volny [dot] cz

- end of Miroslav's letter to Nexus Magazine -

There are two further articles by Miroslav which add to this discussion, and you will find them here below.

Further mysteries about megaliths

It has been empirically proven that megaliths were built for the purpose of electricity accumulation during the course of their research. Hundreds of thousands of various megaliths placed around the Earth make us think of questions for which we don't know the answer. The unknown properties of static electricity that are the basic principles of megaliths create a great obstacle not only for their appreciation but also for the progress in other fields. Static electricity is a natural force that is part of all matter. The fact that it is possible to empirically find some of its yet unknown properties gives us a hint that something has escaped our attention in this area.

We shouldn't assess history in view of our knowledge, because it may lead us to wrong conclusions due to lack of information. An example would be language barriers. If dolmens, Logan stones, clay mounds, pyramids and other structures were built across the globe, it has to be explained, how the information needed to build them was transferred across the oceans, but also how the language barriers were solved when it was spread to hundreds of thousands of places across all continents. This can't be answered. The correct answer is hidden in the yet unknown properties of static electricity. But we may learn from this and direct our thoughts in a way that we can also learn something from the people that were living then.

It's easier to understand megalithic structures in connections. On the island Sardinia, many circular structures were built from boulders without malt. These were of many sizes and were called Nuraghas. These were built in the Bronze Age and 7000 have been preserved until present day. Nobody has answered their purpose yet.

Santu Antine nuraghi at Torralba, south of Sassari in the north. It is said to be the second largest structure of its kind. Image credit: Around Naples Encyclopedia

Another unexplained mystery is 40 000 circular structures in Ireland. All of those have similar architecture, but they differ in their degree of segmentation and therefore by their mass in the same way as Nuraghas on Sardinia.

Similar structures are also located on Aran Islands. The greatest of them has an area of a few football pitches. It's composed of four mounds that are 1.7 meters high and their width is five meters. All the circular structures have a similar sign: they have no windows or battlement and they also don't have any water sources. There are thousands of spiky stone blocks with sharp edges (suction by a point) between the third and fourth mound, which are about as high as the rampart. In our current view there is no obvious purpose for their construction.

Erich von Daniken puts these in connection with the remnants of The Great Zimbabwe and reminds us that we currently know about hundred and fifty similar places. I agree with Mr. von Daniken that these structures need to be put in connection. They were built for the purpose of interconnection of the etheric raster (network, grid - Sepp) which is conducting and may be used to transfer information.

Every similar piece of information inspires us towards further new pieces of knowledge.

It can be deducted from the Tibetan prayer mills, which produce energy by rotation of metal cylinders by friction of two different substances - air with metal, that there aren't similar energetic sources in high altitudes to the ones in low altitudes.

In another case, Czech scientists have proved that the region under high voltage wires definitely influences the behavior of animals. Prof. Hynek Burda from Essen says: "If an animal behaves in a different way to its normal behavior under high voltage wires, there must undoubtedly be changes on its brain, cellular and molecular level."

Scientists have come with a surprising discovery last year. They found that herds of cattle, deer or roe-deer sleep and eat in such a posture that their bodies are aligned in a north-south orientation. They have now found that the animals lose this ability under high voltage wires. They behave very chaotically and stand in a way that their body is randomly aligned, unlike under normal conditions. As soon as they go away from the high voltage wires - they eat and sleep in a north-south orientation again. "The disturbing effect by the behavior of these animals can be observed up to fifty meters away from the high voltage." The scientists admit that they are opening a door into a space where they only suspect what may be hidden behind.

I can add to this new piece of knowledge that similar negative influence of the high voltage may be seen not only by animals but also by drivers. I have been observing an increased occurrence of traffic accidents on a road near my residence. There is a high voltage line, which copies (parallels - Sepp) the road on a section that is tens of kilometers long. I'm describing this in other former articles.

I have noted this critical distance of fifty meters from the high voltage as an important piece of knowledge and I will be checking this up further. According to my research this distance reaches into (is divided into - Sepp) zones and it probably follows that the zones that are further from the source disperse their energetic value.

The 3D raster creates charges of static electricity. This can be proved by many experiments, which are described on my web pages. However, this is only a small hint for further research. In order to get on the right track it would be necessary to map and measure zones of the greatest charges on the Earth first. These are sea currents, great rivers and also further zones of great constant charges.

It would also be beneficial to find out which changes in the etheric raster are caused by the 1800 thunderstorms that are constantly occurring and by the fact that one hundred lightning strikes discharge every second. Practically, the energy that is released is equal to the energy that would be released in a small nuclear war. There are about three billion lightning strikes that strike the Earth every year and the number of thunderstorms that occur on the Earth is 16 million per year. I think that if we don't fill in the gaps of information missing in this part of physics, we won't be able to solve not only questions of ancient history but also many other present day cases.

Miroslav Provod

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Cells versus capacitors

During experiments regarding cells and capacitors, we have seen yet unpublished properties, which could explain phenomena that have been thought of as mysteries till now. These could show many other solutions. Because there are new terms used in the results I will try to demonstrate these new findings on three natural phenomena.

On cellular membranes, there is spontaneous transformation of cosmic energy into electric energy if they are located in energetic overcharge in the same way as on the electrodes of capacitors. If two or more auras of matter objects are interconnected, their auras merge into a bigger common aura and then their energetic values are equalized.

If we think about the human body according to this new knowledge, we could say that billions of cells are in contact and their auras overlap, which means that the whole body has a common aura. This phenomenon works not only in between human cells but also in electronics. The memory of a computer comprises of a great amount of miniature condensers and is able to store information in the form of 0's and 1's (0 = there is no charge, 1 = there is charge). Therefore, we could say that the human body and electronics have some similar properties. This tells us that if the charge is increased it could cause harm not only to cells in the human body but also to electronics (this could be proven by some simple experiments).

According to the procedure that I'm describing in the article "Dowsing versus aura" it is easy to prove the reactions of energetic parts of water flows (aura, zones, interzones). By this we get an idea about the energy of small water flows and we could orient ourselves in the energetic properties of great water flows more easily. By this I mean sea currents. There are many of these and their flow is in the order of hundreds of millions m³/sec and it could be assumed that they are in interaction with large streams around the Earth. The Gulf stream has various bends and meanders where there is multiple energetic concentration. In the Sargasso sea there are also whirlpools whose diameter reaches up to 300km and they reach depth of 5000m. These further increase the local energetic concentration. These places could be thought of as critical from the point of view of further energetic increase from other sources, which could be thunderstorm clouds as well as the moon, planets and other sources. Also, the planes that have been lost in this area could have connection with energetic overvoltage.

The zones of the Gulf stream copy in the shapes of cylindrical shells the US East coast. The energy of one of these zones could be artificially significantly increased by the use of groups of great capacitance capacitors and this would create a barrier that would destroy all organisms and electronics. However, there is a great number of sea currents and this gives us the opportunity to build such a barrier anywhere on Earth. This piece of knowledge could also be used for other purposes.

This knowledge about the energetic overvoltage of cells could also explain a strange phenomenon that occurred in the streets of the capital of Nairobi on 24 July 1956 at 15:00 (03:00 p.m.). About 200 men and women danced on the main street in Nairobi. The dancing people had a regretful look in their faces such as if they danced because they were forced to dance. It wasn't possible to communicate with them and they didn't perceive anyone who asked them a question. One hour later, there were 20.000 men, women and children dancing. Eventually, there were about 50.000 people dancing in a strict circle whose diameter was 3.5 kilometers. It looked like they weren't perceiving anything but they kept about a meter of space between them and they didn't bump into anyone. It's interesting that even older people could dance in this dancing marathon for about 5 hours without any visible signs of getting tired. Later accounts of the dancing showed that they didn't remember anything because their senses were totally crippled. Their memory and thinking didn't work. It is very interesting that even though there was no music playing with this dance, all the dancers kept the same rhythm.

In this magic circle, not all the people were dancing. The dancers were those who had some metal objects such as coins in their pockets. The dance participants later realized a feeling that their body gained energy from these metal objects. Everything suddenly ended - at 20:00 (08:00 p.m.). Nobody was hurt or died. This is a very rare phenomenon, which was also noted with some differences in Rheinland at the spring equinox in 1374. Between 1871 - 1878 in the Savoy region, there was an epidemic obsession in nuns' monasteries that was changing into diabolic freakout. The cause of these incomprehensible events hasn't been found yet.

Knowledge from empirical research also gives us an explanation of this mysterious event. People that were affected by the dance were located in the energetic space of the town that had greater energetic overcharge than the optimal cellular charge. This caused greater charge on the cells (including brains cells) and was followed by disorder of thinking. The fact that is peculiar about this event is that even older people didn't feel tired after 5 hours of dancing. Not less interesting is the information that only those people that had metal objects in their pockets were affected by the dance. The three great time intervals between similar events show that the energetic overcharge could be caused by astronomical influences. I don't doubt that similar anomalies in the region of aura could also be created by groups of great capacitance capacitors, which would create optimally enhanced overcharge in a given region.

We noticed similar health disorders during the experiments, but we interrupted such experiments due to the possibility of health damage. The fact that a similar situation can't be experienced by the people that don't have metal with them prompts us to think about many useful applications. Bank robbers usually have metal objects with them, but bank workers don't, so a button could be pressed and the bank robbers would give us a dance before the police arrives. There are many other such potential applications.

Another mysterious event, which could be assigned to the area of cosmic energy is spontaneous human combustion (SHC). Spontaneous human combustion is one of the most controversial phenomena for serious researchers. Spontaneous combustion means that the human body could be ignited without any optically noticed source. Very intense and unbelievably localized fire transforms most of the human body into ash. In many cases part of a limb, like a leg, remains untouched. Similarly, some parts of clothes or surrounding objects remain untouched. Nothing similar exists in nature that would be like those fires and the accompanying phenomena don't follow laws of physics and findings of medicine. Some researchers also describe this phenomenon as a "candlewick effect". They wrap a body of a pig into a sheet and leave it slowly burning all day. They forget about the fact that the process of burning during SHC happens in a matters of seconds, not hours. There is a great amount of information about this phenomenon on the internet and therefore I won't further describe it, but will limit myself only to the classification from the point of view of our research.

Cellular membranes have a capacity of about (1µF/cm²), which means that they work like a capacitor. If we keep increasing the charge on a capacitor after reaching the threshold value, which is the maximum value up to which it's sized, the insulator would eventually brake and in that moment, all the energy is released and the capacitor is destroyed. Similar disastrous process happens with billions of cells in humans. When the threshold energetic value for which nature sized our cells is reached, the cells explode in the same way as capacitors do.

I have written about three different phenomena, which by their specific configuration confirm the functionality and other properties of cells and condensers. I would be delighted if some research centers used this new knowledge.

04 April 2008

Miroslav Provod

http://www.miroslavprovod.com

It is adapted to the Italian situation, where alternative currencies are looked upon as competition to the official one. So SCEC defines itself as a complementary currency. It circulates together with the official currency.

SCEC is in the form of a discount chit denominated in Euro equivalents (in denominations of 0.50 Euro, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 50 Euro). It is distributed for free and acquires value only when used. Businesses and professionals agree to give a discount to buyers who pay (in part) with SCEC, usually around 20 %, but ranging mostly between 10 and 30 %.

A full description of the project in English - a bit lengthy but certainly of interest - is available here:

http://www.arcipelagoscec.org/doc/ArchipelagoSCECproject1.pdf

SCEC is putting first emphasis on actually supporting local production and commerce over imports from far away and world wide commerce by multinationals. The currency makes local exchanges more convenient for people who use the system, as they get a break by virtue of getting substantial discounts on the normal price.

The SCEC, once issued, stay in circulation and can be spent at any business or professional that adheres to the program and states how much discount they are willing to give. In this way, SCEC is tax neutral - no tax is to be paid on it as it is merely a discount.

Users of course, who are not subject to value added tax (VAT) when buying/selling second hand goods or exchanging favors and transactions in the social area can use SCEC to replace the official Euro currency in these direct exchanges.

SCEC is a discount as far as the government is concerned, but it is a fledgling alternative currency as far as the users are concerned.

It favors local commerce and as it gets more and more accepted, future uses might even include the payment of rates or (local) taxes.

An electronic system to run side by side with the currently available paper currency is in the planning stage. This would work like any bank account. You can make transfers to other users of the system, and you can convert paper into electronic or electronic into paper, if so desired.

Organizationally, SCEC is organized as a non profit "archipelago of several islands" which are the regional associations that are independent of each other, but agree to use the same kind of currency and to exchange information on who are the member businesses and professionals who accept SCEC as part payment for their goods or services.

SCEC are issued periodically and equally to all participants in the system, in exchange for a voluntary contribution intended to defray the costs of printing and administration.

Loans in SCEC to participating businesses are possible. They are given as an advance on future distribution of the currency. Once someone has received a loan they will not receive any future SCEC distributed to others, until they are "caught up" and are once again eligible to receive the normal distributions. Anyone entering the system gets 100 SCEC to start trading. To get more, they have to either wait for another periodic distribution or have to start giving some kind of service for which they accept SCEC in payment.

Further information (most all of it in Italian) is available here:

http://www.arcipelagoscec.org/

And here is another proposal for a currency that isn't money:

The Liquidity Network - a proposal for non-monetary liquidity
Feasta is making a determined effort to set up a system that allows participants to exchange goods and services with each other without anyone going into debt. Although our system will operate in parallel with the existing money system, it will not be a money system. The units used within our system will be units of measure analogous to kilos or metres. Like these measures, they will have no intrinsic value and will only operate as a counting device to give participants a way of comparing and expressing the value of the goods and services being exchanged and ensuring that some participants do not take more value from the system than they put in. Participants will not own the units in their account at any time.