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Technology has been kept largely immobile in its basic design for over a century. For all our talk about progress, real innovation is discouraged as it would tend to unsettle financial interests. We urgently need some disruptive new energy technologies.




February 22, 2009

I just got rid of all those "energy saving" CFL lightbulbs in my house ... here's why

I've been hearing from different people about the radiofrequency emissions of compact fluorescent or CFL bulbs, 'dirty electricity' is a term to search for that. They are the new recommended light bulbs and governments all over the world are getting ready to forbid the old ones.


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Image credit: Next-up Org


But then - with the need to conserve electricity and all that, I was kind of half-heartedly starting to substitute the new "good" bulbs for those dirty old wasteful glow lamps that waste some of the energy as heat, also known as the infrared band. So I had about six of those CFL glass spirals in use, and a few new ones waiting for more of the old bulbs to konk out and be substituted.

Then, this morning, I read an email from my friend Rob and changed my mind. I unscrewed those bulbs that had snuck their way into my electric system and, together with the new ones, brought them to the garbage bin down by the street. Why ... I hear some of you asking. Well, here's the message of Rob, and a link or two to follow.

Check it out and make your own decision...

Sepp


Continue reading "I just got rid of all those "energy saving" CFL lightbulbs in my house ... here's why" »

January 26, 2009

Vortex Induced Vibrations to generate energy from river flow

The Detroit River is the site of an unusual experiment. Whirlies in the water that the river carries form around cylindric 'wings' that are forced to move up and down in alternation. It is the imbalance of the attractive forces of vortices that form when water flows by the round obstacle that do the moving. Mike Bernitsas, director of the Marine Renewable Energy Laboratory at the University of Michigan and inventor of the device is ready to deploy a three kilowatt pilot plant that will prove his concept in a real-life setting.

PESWiki has a page that explains the Vivace concept, including some drawings and videos of a test set-up:

Fish-Inspired, Low-Speed Water Current Harvesting

Vivace-demo_500.gif

Vivace or Vortex-Induced Vibrations for Aquatic Clean Energy is a rather unique system that puts the power of vortices forming in flowing water to positive use. The formation of a vortex alternately above and below the cylindric 'obstacle' forces an alternating vertical motion of the cylinder, the energy of which can be harnessed.

Another one of those systems that use the normal flow of river water is the invention of Austrian engineer Zotloterer, where the water forms a snail's vortex, which is then directly converted into electricity by shedding its power to turn a slow-running turbine. See Water Vortex Drives Power Plant.

Other systems that utilize slow water flow are described in PESWiki's Low Impact Hydro page.

While such use of slow flowing water seems much less efficient than using the water pressure built up by a dam, the number of sites that can potentially be used is almost unlimited. This more than compensates for the relatively low efficiency. An advantage that should not be underestimated is the fish-friendly nature of these technologies, as well as their adaptability to an infinite variety of local conditions. They make it possible to produce our electric energy right where we need it - close to cities and villages - rather than in some remote region from whence it then has to be transmitted to reach the point of consumption.

Here is an article about the VIVACE project in Michigan from Phys.org, as first published by the Detroit Free Press - http://www.freep.com

Continue reading "Vortex Induced Vibrations to generate energy from river flow" »

November 5, 2008

Renewable Coal, Oil and Gas - Hydrocarbons of Geological Origin

Could oil and other hydrocarbons be a continuously produced natural geological resource that is - contrary to what we are being told - not running out any time soon?


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Screen capture of a Powerpoint slide of projected oil production. Note that everything to the right of 2005, that's the peak you see in this graph, is purely hypothetical. The graph wants to make us believe that its makers have a crystal ball that allows them to look into the future. If you care to dig up older graphs of this kind, you will notice that the "peak" is always at the point in time the graph was made, with the future looking bleak. Only, the real world is not like that. Every time so far, the real production has kept ging up, despite the predictions of the doomsayers. - Image credit: EV World


The question - whether hydrocarbons are geological reality instead of the remains of huge quantities of once living matter compressed to become goo - is not as far fetched as it might seem. One of the world's leading advocates for the theory that hydrocarbons are renewable is Dr. Thomas Gold. He contends that oil is not a limited resource, and that oil, natural gas and coal, are not so-called "fossil fuels."

In his book, The Deep Hot Biosphere: The Myth of Fossil Fuels, he explains that dinosaurs and plants and the fossils from those living beings are not the origin of oil and natural gas, but rather generated from a chemical substance in the crust of the Earth. Gold says:

"Astronomers have been able to find that hydrocarbons, as oil, gas and coal are called, occur on many other planetary bodies. They are a common substance in the universe. You find it in the kind of gas clouds that made systems like our solar system. You find large quantities of hydrocarbons in them. Is it reasonable to think that our little Earth, one of the planets, contains oil and gas for reasons that are all its own and that these other bodies have it because it was built into them when they were born?" That question makes a lot of sense. After all, they didn't have dinosaurs and ferns on Jupiter to produce oil and gas?

The quote is from an article by Joel Bainerman who asks: If hydrocarbons are renewable- then is "Peak Oil" a fraud?

Alexander Alan Scarborough has formulated an Energy Fuels Theory, which makes a very similar argument. Scarborough explains:

The theory that fuels (gas, oil and coal) were made from fossils has gone unchallenged for almost 150 years. This fossil fuels theory (FFT) was formulated in the 1830's on the basis of three observations common to 100 coal mines. During the 1920's, the theory was enhanced by the concept of petroleum being created from marine organisms. Over the years, a significant amount of subtle, yet substantial evidence that argues against the validity of the FFT has accumulated in the literature.

These arguments have been condensed into six critical points that simultaneously render strong support to the new theory of fuels formation by natural laws of physics and chemistry. The new energy fuels theory (EFT) explains the formation of fuels (and all known matter) by the logical progression of the transformation of energy particles into atoms, into gaseous molecules, then into liquid and solids via molecular chain-building processes. The intimate relationships of gas, oil and coal, are illustrated by five facts that render additional strong support to the EFT. The immense ramifications of the new concept that appears destined to replace the FFT are briefly discussed.

Considering that the "peak oil" alarm was first sounded by a petroleum geologist working for one of the major oil producers, there is a good probability that indeed, as Bainerman suggests, the "peak oil" scare could be a scam designed to justify stratospheric profits of the major petrochemical companies, which we have indeed seen in these last few years.

Peak oil, also sometimes called Hubbert's peak, goes back to a prediction, first made in 1949 by M. King Hubbert, a geophysicist and Chief Consultant for the Exploration and Production Research Division of Shell, that oil production would continue to increase but would "peak" in about 1970 and decline thereafter.

US oil production has indeed peaked at the predicted time. But some say that this was due to a systematic program of shutting down and sealing many oil and gas producing wells. Not surprisingly however, world production seems reluctant to follow suit. You can shut oil wells in one country, but it is difficult to do so all over the world. Some say the wars in the Middle East were about protecting oil supplies. Wake up, people - those wars did the exact same thing that was done previously on the US mainland. They effectively shut down production. Remember the burning oil fields in Irak after the first oil war there, or the fall in Irak's oil output since the more recent US "shock and awe" campaign?

Since there is demand for hydrocarbons and since indeed oil seems to be a renewable and constantly growing resource, as suggested by Gold, Scarborough and others, it is hardly surprising that international oil production has not been hitting its peak just yet.

Continue reading "Renewable Coal, Oil and Gas - Hydrocarbons of Geological Origin" »

October 10, 2008

Is Oxygen depletion more worrying than global warming?


There is serious doubt whether carbon dioxide emissions are a major driver for global warming or, as it has recently come to be called, 'climate change'. Water vapor is a more potent greenhouse gas and the sun's influence on our climate is orders of magnitude stronger than any amount of carbon dioxide we could ever produce. But carbon dioxide may have a secondary effect that has been hardly mentioned in the past. Every time a carbon dioxide molecule is produced by burning carbon-based fuels including oil and gas, two oxygen atoms get locked up together with one of carbon. The oxygen that drives the burning process comes from the atmosphere.

Until recently, I had been under the impression that oxygen levels in the atmosphere are quite stable around 21 per cent, and have been so for a long time. However in a recent discussion about burning coal as fuel, some interesting information emerged that tends to disprove the concept of a stable oxygen level.

Historical trends, as explained in Atmospheric Oxygen, Giant Paleozoic Insects and the Evolution of Aerial Locomotor Performance by R. Dudley, JExB, show a high of about 35% just before the beginning of the Permian, with a rapid decline to a low of about 13-14% near the beginning of the Triassic, then a small spike at about 17% in mid Triassic, another drop to about 14-15% early in the Jurassic, a sudden climb to about 21% by mid-Jurassic, then a gentle climb to about 26% early in the Tertiary, and a rather constant, steady decline to the present "20.9%."

But even now, we are not necessarily assured of a more-than-20-per cent oxygen level in the air at all times.


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Coal fired power plant - Image credit: Sun-volt.com


In that discussion, Adrian said: "There is really no such thing as "clean" coal. Even if you take all of the non-carbon contents out, the resultant burning still produces enormous amounts of carbon dioxide. We may be getting to the stage where we will have to be concerned about the amount of oxygen we have left in the atmosphere to breathe... I read that a research paper comparing the health of people living at low compared to high altitudes showed that it was the lack of oxygen that was harmful for certain ailments.

Oxygen used to be about 20% of the atmosphere but today in some places, it is as low as 16%. Carbon dioxide is actually a fairly heavy gas (molecular weight 44 as compared to oxygen 32 and nitrogen 28) so that during times of little wind, it would have a tendency to settle in pockets. That is one reason cave exploration can be so hazardous.

People living in large cities in India have such a high incidence of lung disease that older diesel motors have been banned. I have not read any carbon dioxide studies but reducing the amount of oxygen available, certainly places a strain on the heart, especially for old people with weak hearts and those with any type of lung problems.

Carbon dioxide sequestering seems to be a stupid idea because the process also sequesters oxygen in the process. Someone needs to present calculations showing how the burning of coal, oil and natural gas is affecting our oxygen supply. The question really boils down to "how much oxygen would be left in the atmosphere if all fossil fuels were consumed?" Yes, people will say that trees and algae will take care of the oxygen production but the real concern is what level of oxygen is required to maintain a good healthy atmosphere for humans as well as for other living organisms."


So it appears the oxygen content of air is not uniform all over the planet, some places seem to be much worse than others. The cause: use of carbon-based fuels, together with our disregard for the contribution of forests to keeping the air breathable.

Continue reading "Is Oxygen depletion more worrying than global warming?" »

February 12, 2008

The Peak Oil Deception: Squeezing Energy for Profit

While energy needs are set to grow inexorably for the next decades, production of hydrocarbon fuels is being throttled down to a trickle. The resulting shortage finds us - the consumers of energy - at a distinct disadvantage. We are paying the price for not paying attention.

The Peak Oil scenario was first announced in 1956 by a petroleum geologist - M. King Hubbert - who was at the time working for the Shell Oil company. Hubbert's prediction was that oil production would peak in the US between 1965 and 1970 and that internationally, the peak of production would be reached around the year 2000. Hubbert's peak, as the inexorable winding down of oil production has also been named, is universally recognized as a threatening reality, but is the theory based on actual physical principles?


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North Sea oil rig -

There certainly is a shortage of production and transformation, enough to have driven prices above the $100-a-barrel level for crude oil. Those oil price increases have elevated the profits of oil companies to undreamed-of heights. Shell's profit for 2007 is a record 31 billion Dollars, Exxon Mobil "shattered its own record as the world's most profitable publicly traded corporation" with a yearly profit for last year of 40.6 billion Dollars and Shevron, the second largest US oil company saw its yearly profit increase to 18.7 billion Dollars. (LA Times, 2 Feb. 2008)

The German Energy Watch Group tells us in a report released in October 2007, that Peak Oil is here now, that "world oil production has peaked in 2006". Official industry and government data on oil reserves do not support that conclusion, but Energy Watch has made its own estimates to support a result that it has been actively looking for.

Not everyone agrees that we are running out of oil. Peter Jackson, who conducted a study of world oil supplies for Cambridge Energy Research Associates says oil output will continue to rise over the next decade.


Peak Oil artificial?

My argument is that there is no actual physical shortage of hydrocarbons. There is indeed a drop in oil extraction, but it seems that this is more a forced reduction of output, rather than a consequence of having exhausted liquid hydrocarbons as a resource.

The extraordinary rise and swift fall of oil prices would tend to confirm that there was manipulation of the availability of oil on the market.


Continue reading "The Peak Oil Deception: Squeezing Energy for Profit" »

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